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A fasting blood sugar test measures the level of glucose in the body under overnight fasting conditions. Glucose serves as the energy currency of the body and is broken down through metabolism to produce energy. This process is controlled by hormones and enzymes in organs such as the liver and pancreas. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. When these levels are high, such as after a meal, insulin is secreted to transport glucose into cells for energy production. Elevated glucose levels in the body after fasting may indicate a risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes, which can be of two types- Type 1, caused by little or no insulin production, and Type 2, caused by insulin resistance or decreased insulin production.