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Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC)

Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC)

Also referred as
Hb Electrophoresis
Abnormal Hb studies
Hemoglobin variant analysis
For men & women
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The Hemoglobin High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hb HPLC) test is used to identify and quantify normal and abnormal forms of hemoglobin present in the blood. This test helps diagnose and monitor various blood disorders, such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease.

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Understanding Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC)

Hemoglobin (Hb) is an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen to organs and tissues. An Hb HPLC test provides a detailed analysis of the different types of hemoglobin, including HbA (normal adult hemoglobin) and various abnormal hemoglobin variants such as HbD and HbF (fetal hemoglobin). It identifies certain disorders characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production. Furthermore, for individuals undergoing treatments such as blood transfusions or medications, the Hb HPLC test helps the doctor monitor the effectiveness of treatment and make adjustments as needed.

Your doctor may suggest an Hb HPLC test when a blood disorder such as thalassemia, or sickle cell disease is suspected (symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, pale skin, cold feet and hands, long-term infection, breath shortness, rapid heart rate, or significant weight loss). Additionally, individuals with a family history of inherited blood disorders, unexplained anemia, abnormal red blood cell indices, or abnormal findings on routine hemoglobin and hematocrit tests may also undergo Hb HPLC testing.

Fasting is not required for an Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC) test. Let the doctor know if you have a recent history of blood transfusion, as it can affect the test results.

Test result ranges are approximate and vary depending on age, gender, health history, and methodology used by the laboratories. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. Your doctor may consider several additional factors while interpreting the significance of abnormal hemoglobin, including your family history, the results of your CBC, and more. Based on your test results, the doctor decides whether or not medication will be required to manage your condition and formulate your overall treatment plan.

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What does Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC) measure?

An Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC) test is used to identify and quantify different types of hemoglobin in the blood to diagnose and monitor specific blood disorders. Different types of hemoglobin are Adult type (HbA2), Fetal type (HbF), Hemoglobin S (HbS), Hemoglobin C (HbC), and Hemoglobin E (HbE), etc.

Normal types of hemoglobin include:

  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) A: The most common type of hemoglobin in healthy adults
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) F: Fetal hemoglobin, which is found in unborn babies and newborns. HgbF is replaced by HgbA shortly after birth.

A deranged level of HgbA or HgbF might indicate certain types of anemia.

Abnormal types of hemoglobin include:

  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) S: This type of hemoglobin is found in sickle cell anemia, an inherited disorder that causes the body to make stiff, sickle-shaped red blood cells. Sickle cells can get stuck in the blood vessels, causing severe pain, long-term infections, and other complications.
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) C: This type of hemoglobin is associated with hemolytic anemia that develops when your red blood cells are destroyed more easily than normal red blood cells or have a shorter life span than normal red blood cells. 
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) E: This type of hemoglobin is mainly found in people of Southeast Asian descent and may be associated with mild anemia or no symptoms. 
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) D: Hb D disease (HbDD) is characterized by mild hemolytic anemia and mild to moderate splenomegaly. Hb D Punjab occurs with the most significant prevalence in Gujarat and Sikhs of Punjab.

FAQs related to Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC)

Your phlebotomist will collect the blood sample in a vial/test tube during the test. The test tube is then submitted to the labs for analysis. During testing, your blood sample is segregated into different hemoglobin bands and is compared to a standard hemoglobin sample to give accurate test results.
There are minimal risks associated with an Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC) test. You might experience slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was inserted. The risk of infection or excessive bleeding is very low.
Several factors can affect your test results, including nutrition, age, gender, altitude where you live, smoking, certain medications, and underlying health conditions.
Yes, this test can be used as a screening tool for family members, especially if there is a known history of hemoglobin disorders. It can be particularly useful in making informed decisions regarding family planning.
Yes, an Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC) can be performed as a part of newborn screening tests to detect hemoglobin disorders early and initiate timely management.
Hemoglobinopathy is a clinical term that describes a group of blood disorders in which there is abnormal production or structure of the hemoglobin molecule. It is passed down through families (inherited).
Hemoglobin C disease, hemoglobin S-C disease, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia are common hemoglobinopathies.
The abnormal hemoglobin levels can be seen in the following conditions: 1) Hemoglobin C disease - A genetic disorder that leads to severe anemia. 2) Rare hemoglobinopathy - A group of genetic disorders that cause red blood cells' abnormal production or structure. 3) Thalassemia - It is a condition in which there is less production of hemoglobin than what is required by the body to function correctly. 4) Sickle cell anemia - In this, red blood cells take an irregular shape, blocking passage for the blood to flow.
The complications of thalassemia include infection, iron overload, bone deformities, enlarged spleen, slow growth rates, and heart problems.
Always consult your doctor if your test results show low hemoglobin. However, increasing iron intake through diet or supplements and increasing vitamin C intake to enhance iron absorption can help to increase hemoglobin levels.
Content created by
Written by:
Dr. Surabhi Srivastava
BDS
Reviewed by:
Dr. Swati Gupta (Anand)
MBBS, MD Lab Medicine
Want to know moreRead our editorial policy
Last Updated21st Jan 2026

Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC) test price for other cities

Price inAhmedabadRs. 800
Price inAllahabadRs. 800
Price inAmritsarRs. 800
Price inBangaloreRs. 800
Price inBhopalRs. 800

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Hb HPLC (Hb Variants Estimation by HPLC)