Bell's palsy

Bell’s palsy, named after the scientist Sir Charles Bell, who described and researched the disease in detail, is the most common form of facial paralysis. Bell's palsy causes sudden weakness and paralysis of the muscles of the face over a period of 48- 72 hours. It is characterized by a droopy appearance of the face wherein the patient finds it difficult to move their mouth, raise their forehead and close their eye. The weakness may also affect saliva and tear production as well as the sense of taste.


Bell's palsy usually affects only one side of the face; however, in rare cases, it can affect both sides. People in the age group of 15 to 45 years are usually affected, but the disease may occur at any age. Women and men are equally affected or a slight female predilection is seen. The exact cause of the condition is unknown, but it is usually known to be a reaction that occurs after a viral infection. 

 
Symptoms generally start to improve after a few weeks, with the recovery of some or all facial functions within six months. However, a prompt visit to the doctor and early treatment leads to a better outlook. It is also essential to rule out life-threatening conditions like stroke. Although most patients recover completely, some might have unfavorable functional and cosmetic outcomes due to chronic facial weakness. Relevant interventions and home care can help in improving the quality of life.