Q fever

Q fever is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. It is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii which is mainly found in cattle, sheep, and goats. The bacteria is present in the milk, urine and feces of the infected animals. Moreover, large numbers of bacteria are shed in the birth products like placenta and amniotic fluid during birthing. When these products dry over time  they contaminate the air. Inhalation of this contaminated air can cause infection in humans.

Q fever is mostly considered as an occupational disease associated with slaughterhouse workers, dairy workers, farmers, veterinarians or researchers involved in animal studies. The infection causes flu-like symptoms however, many people do not have symptoms at all or could be asymptomatic. If the Q fever persists or reoccurs, it can cause complications that can severely damage organs such as heart, lungs, liver, and brain.

The disease is prevalent globally, however, remains under-reported in many countries such as India. The disease can be prevented by avoiding close contact with animals when they are birthing, and practicing good hygiene at the workplace (farms and barnyards).